A pair of researchers at the University of California, Riverside, has used machine learning to understand what a chemical smells like—a research breakthrough with potential applications in the food flavor and fragrance industries.
“We now can use artificial intelligence to predict how any chemical is going to smell to humans,” said Anandasankar Ray, a professor of molecular, cell and systems biology, and the senior author of the study that appears in iScience. “Chemicals that are toxic or harsh in, say, flavors, cosmetics, or household products can be replaced with natural, softer, and safer chemicals.”
Humans sense odors when some of their nearly 400 odorant receptors, or ORs, are activated in the nose. Each OR is activated by a unique set of chemicals; together, the large OR family can detect a vast chemical space. A key question in olfaction is how the receptors contribute to different perceptual qualities or percepts.
“We tried to model human olfactory percepts using chemical informatics and machine learning,” Ray said. “The power of machine learning is that it is able to evaluate a large number of chemical features and learn what makes a chemical smell like, say, a lemon or a rose or something else. The machine learning algorithm can eventually predict how a new chemical will smell even though we may initially not know if it smells like a lemon or a rose.”
According to Ray, digitizing predictions of how chemicals smell creates a new way of scientifically prioritizing what chemicals can be used in the food, flavor, and fragrance industries.
“It allows us to rapidly find chemicals that have a novel combination of smells,” he said. “The technology can help us discover new chemicals that could replace existing ones that are becoming rare, for example, or which are very expensive. It gives us a vast palette of compounds that we can mix and match for any olfactory application. For example, you can now make a mosquito repellent that works on mosquitoes but is pleasant smelling to humans.”
The researchers first developed a method for a computer to learn chemical features that activate known human odorant receptors. They then screened roughly half a million compounds for new ligands—molecules that bind to receptors—for 34 odorant receptors. Next, they focused on whether the algorithm that could estimate odorant receptor activity could also predict diverse perceptual qualities of odorants.
“Computers might help us better understand human perceptual coding, which appears, in part, to be based on combinations of differently activated ORs,” said Joel Kowalewski, a student in the Neuroscience Graduate Program working with Ray and the first author of the research paper. “We used hundreds of chemicals that human volunteers previously evaluated, selected ORs that best predicted percepts on a portion of chemicals, and tested that these ORs were also predictive of new chemicals.”
Ray and Kowalewski showed the activity of ORs successfully predicted 146 different percepts of chemicals. To their surprise, few rather than all ORs were needed to predict some of these percepts. Since they could not record activity from sensory neurons in humans, they tested this further in the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and observed a similar result when predicting the fly’s attraction or aversion to different odorants.
“If predictions are successful with less information, the task of decoding odor perception would then become easier for a computer,” Kowalewski said.
Ray explained that many items available to consumers use volatile chemicals to make themselves appealing. About 80% of what is considered flavor in food actually stems from the odors that affect smell. Fragrances for perfuming cosmetics, cleaning products, and other household goods play an important role in consumer behavior.
“Our digital approach using machine learning could open up many opportunities in the food, flavor, and fragrance industries,” he said. “We now have an unprecedented ability to find ligands and new flavors and fragrances. Using our computational approach, we can intelligently design volatile chemicals that smell desirable for use and also predict ligands for the 34 human ORs.”
The research paper is titled “Predicting human olfactory perception from activities of odorant receptors.”
Original post: https://phys.org/news/2020-07-artificial-intelligence-roses.html
I’ve been exploring for a little bit for
any high-quality articles or blog posts in this sort of area .
Exploring in Yahoo I finally stumbled upon this site. Studying
this information So i’m glad to express that I have a very just
right uncanny feeling I discovered just what I
needed. I such a lot certainly will make sure to do not forget this web site and provides it a glance on a constant basis.
Useful info. Lucky me I discovered your website by accident,
and I am shocked why this twist of fate didn’t came about earlier!
I bookmarked it.
If some one desires expert view about running a blog afterward i propose him/her to visit this website,
Keep up the pleasant job.
I used to be able to find good advice from your blog articles.
Very shortly this website will be famous amid all blog people, due to it’s fastidious articles
I loved as much as you’ll receive carried out right here.
The sketch is attractive, your authored subject matter stylish.
nonetheless, you command get bought an shakiness over that you wish
be delivering the following. unwell unquestionably come further formerly again since exactly
the same nearly very often inside case you shield this increase.
Right here is the right site for anyone who wants to find out about this
topic. You understand a whole lot its almost tough to argue with you (not that I really would
want to…HaHa). You certainly put a new spin on a
subject that’s been written about for decades. Wonderful stuff, just excellent!
Great blog here! Also your site loads up very fast!
What web host are you using? Can I get your affiliate link to
your host? I wish my web site loaded up as quickly as yours
lol
Hello, this weekend is fastidious in support of me, since this point in time i
am reading this fantastic educational post here at my
house.
Thank you for the good writeup. It in fact used to be a amusement
account it. Look complicated to far added agreeable from you!
By the way, how can we keep up a correspondence?
Hi there to all, how is the whole thing, I think every one is
getting more from this web page, and your views are nice in favor of new
viewers.
Hey there! Would you mind if I share your blog with my zynga group?
There’s a lot of folks that I think would really enjoy your
content. Please let me know. Thanks
It’s awesome to go to see this website and reading the views of
all mates about this piece of writing, while I am
also eager of getting knowledge.
I like the valuable information you provide for your articles.
I’ll bookmark your weblog and test once more right here regularly.
I’m moderately sure I will learn plenty of new stuff proper right here!
Best of luck for the next!
Hi, I think your site might be having browser compatibility issues.
When I look at your website in Firefox, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping.
I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other then that, amazing blog!
I know this if off topic but I’m looking into starting my own blog
and was wondering what all is needed to get setup?
I’m assuming having a blog like yours would cost a pretty
penny? I’m not very internet savvy so I’m not 100% certain. Any recommendations or
advice would be greatly appreciated. Kudos
I believe that is among the most significant info for
me. And i’m happy studying your article.
But want to statement on few basic issues, The web site taste is ideal, the
articles is really great : D. Good job, cheers
Its not my first time to visit this website, i
am browsing this web site dailly and get pleasant
data from here all the time.
I loved as much as you will receive carried out right
here. The sketch is attractive, your authored subject matter stylish.
nonetheless, you command get bought an nervousness over that you wish be delivering the following.
unwell unquestionably come more formerly again since exactly
the same nearly a lot often inside case you shield this
hike.
It’s the best time to make some plans for the future and
it’s time to be happy. I’ve read this post and if I could I
desire to suggest you few interesting things or tips.
Perhaps you can write next articles referring to this article.
I desire to read even more things about it!
Great items from you, man. I have remember your stuff previous to and you are just
too wonderful. I really like what you’ve received right here,
really like what you’re stating and the way wherein you say it.
You are making it entertaining and you continue to take care of to stay it sensible.
I can’t wait to learn far more from you. That is really a tremendous web site.
I really love your website.. Very nice colors & theme.
Did you make this site yourself? Please reply back as I’m looking to create my very own site and
want to find out where you got this from or exactly what the theme is called.
Many thanks!
Why people still make use of to read news papers
when in this technological globe everything is accessible on web?
Hey just wanted to give you a quick heads up.
The words in your content seem to be running off the
screen in Internet explorer. I’m not sure if this is a format issue
or something to do with internet browser compatibility but I figured I’d post to let you know.
The layout look great though! Hope you get the problem fixed soon. Many
thanks
Do you have a spam issue on this blog; I also am a blogger, and
I was wondering your situation; many of us have
created some nice procedures and we are looking to swap strategies with other folks,
please shoot me an e-mail if interested.
Ahaa, its fastidious conversation regarding this paragraph here at
this webpage, I have read all that, so at this time me also commenting at
this place.
When I initially left a comment I seem to have clicked on the
-Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox
and from now on every time a comment is added I get 4 emails with the exact same comment.
There has to be an easy method you can remove me from that service?
Cheers!
This is my first time go to see at here and i am really happy to read all at single place.
It’s difficult to find knowledgeable people on this topic,
however, you sound like you know what you’re talking about!
Thanks
Thanks for a marvelous posting! I quite enjoyed reading it, you might be a great
author.I will ensure that I bookmark your blog and definitely will come back at some point.
I want to encourage continue your great writing, have a nice morning!
Hello! This is kind of off topic but I need some help from an established blog.
Is it very hard to set up your own blog? I’m not very
techincal but I can figure things out pretty fast. I’m
thinking about creating my own but I’m not sure where to start.
Do you have any tips or suggestions? Appreciate it
Do you have a spam issue on this blog; I also am a blogger,
and I was wondering your situation; we have developed some nice methods and
we are looking to trade solutions with other folks, please shoot
me an email if interested.
Excellent goods from you, man. I’ve understand
your stuff previous to and you’re just extremely great.
I really like what you have got here, really like what you’re saying and
the way during which you are saying it. You’re making it entertaining and you still take care of to stay it wise.
I cant wait to learn much more from you. This is really a wonderful website.
I am sure this article has touched all the internet viewers, its really really
fastidious paragraph on building up new website.
I know this website provides quality depending content
and extra information, is there any other website which offers
these information in quality?
I do not even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post was good.
I don’t know who you are but certainly you’re going to a famous blogger if you are
not already 😉 Cheers!
Hi there, its nice article about media print,
we all understand media is a enormous source of information.
This information is invaluable. How can I find out more?
When I initially commented I clicked the “Notify me when new comments are added” checkbox and now
each time a comment is added I get three emails with
the same comment. Is there any way you can remove me from that service?
Thanks!
Heya i am for the first time here. I came across this board and
I find It truly useful & it helped me out much. I hope to give something back and aid others like you aided me.
With havin so much content and articles do you ever run into any problems of plagorism or
copyright violation? My blog has a lot of exclusive content I’ve
either written myself or outsourced but it looks like a lot of it is popping it
up all over the web without my agreement. Do you know any ways to help protect against
content from being ripped off? I’d really appreciate it.
With havin so much content and articles do you ever run into any
issues of plagorism or copyright violation? My website
has a lot of exclusive content I’ve either
created myself or outsourced but it appears a lot of it is
popping it up all over the internet without my agreement.
Do you know any methods to help reduce content from being
ripped off? I’d genuinely appreciate it.
I couldn’t refrain from commenting. Exceptionally well written!
Hello, just wanted to mention, I liked this post. It was inspiring.
Keep on posting!
Everyone loves what you guys are up too. This type of clever work
and coverage! Keep up the amazing works guys I’ve included you guys to my own blogroll.
I was suggested this blog by my cousin. I am now not positive whether or not
this put up is written by way of him as no one else know such
distinct approximately my problem. You’re wonderful! Thank you!
Having read this I thought it was very enlightening.
I appreciate you finding the time and energy to put this short article together.
I once again find myself personally spending way too much time both reading and commenting.
But so what, it was still worthwhile!
Heya i’m for the first time here. I found this board and I find
It truly useful & it helped me out much. I hope to give something back
and aid others like you aided me.
where can you buy viagra online
This is especially important in people that
I have read a few just right stuff here. Definitely value bookmarking for revisiting.
I wonder how so much effort you place to make one of
these excellent informative site.
fha loan uk essays
Undeniably believe that that you stated. Your favourite reason seemed
to be on the net the simplest thing to take note of. I say to you, I certainly get irked at the same time
as other people consider concerns that they just don’t recognise about.
You controlled to hit the nail upon the highest as well as defined out the entire thing with no need side effect , people could take a signal.
Will likely be back to get more. Thank you
hello there and thank you for your information – I’ve definitely picked up anything new from right here.
I did however expertise several technical issues using this website, as I experienced to reload the site
a lot of times previous to I could get it to load properly.
I had been wondering if your web host is OK? Not that I’m
complaining, but sluggish loading instances times will very frequently affect your placement in google and could damage your high-quality score if ads and marketing with Adwords.
Well I’m adding this RSS to my e-mail and could look out
for a lot more of your respective interesting content. Ensure
that you update this again soon.
What i do not understood is in truth how you are not actually a lot more well-favored than you might be right now.
You’re so intelligent. You understand thus significantly when it comes to this subject, made me personally
consider it from numerous varied angles.
Its like women and men aren’t interested unless it’s something
to do with Lady gaga! Your own stuffs outstanding.
All the time deal with it up!
At this time I am going to do my breakfast, after having my breakfast coming
over again to read more news.
Highly energetic post, I enjoyed that bit. Will there be a part 2?
entocort 3mg price
I all the time used to study article in news papers but
now as I am a user of web therefore from now I am using net
for articles or reviews, thanks to web.
propecia price in australia
where can i buy generic viagra in usa
generic viagra india canadian pharmacy service cialis pharmacy india viagra singapore over the counter average cost cialis 5mg best viagra brand in canada
propecia 5mg pills
hydroxychloroquine medication
cymbalta 150 mg fluoxetine 20 mg prescription cialis brand price how to get nexium synthroid 125 ivermectin generic buy clomid in usa buy cialis online cheap hydrochlorothiazide 37.5 over counter viagra
fildena cost how to get azithromycin online stromectol 3 mg atarax 100 mg brand cialis singapore cialis online europe generic priligy
zithromax pills online
cialis 5mg daily coupon
cost of tadalafil in india tadalafil 10 mg india
buy sildenafil india
buy real viagra online
lisinopril 2.5 mg for sale
buy cialis 20mg australia
sildenafil compare prices sildenafil cheap no prescription ivermectin buy online canadian pharmacy viagra cheap pharmacy no prescription buy cialis online with prescription buy sildenafil online canada stromectol uk
generic cialis lowest price
where to purchase antabuse how to get provigil cheapest pharmacy for prescriptions without insurance cialis capsules online cialis 40 mg pills
buy sumycin
buy doxycycline 500mg
how to get prednisone tablets
doxycycline 200mg
online prozac
cialis 60 mg
viagra pills 150 mg
sildenafil 50 mg price
stromectol 0.1
neurontin 400 mg tablets
can you buy sildenafil online
buy ivermectin
arimidex buy online
viagra tablet price in singapore